T

T2/DS-2
     (Facility) The equivalent of 4 multiplexed T1 channels. 6.312 million bits per second (6.3Mbps)

T3/DS-3
     (Facility) The equivalent of 28 multiplexed T1 channels. 44.736 million bits per second (45 Mbps)

T4/DS-4
     (Facility) The equivalent of 6 multiplexed T3 channels. 274.176 million bits per second (274 Mbps)

Tandem Office
    A major telco switching center for the switched telephone network, which interconnects two or
    more central offices that cannot directly be connected; a major switching center linking several
    end offices, especially in high-density areas.  Toll Office - Class 4 Switch. Hierarchical interconnection
    for Class 5 End Offices.

Tariff
    A public document filed with the FCC or a PUC that outlines services and rates. Usually, all
    customers are offered the same  rate for a specific service, based on published constraints.

Tax Exempt Certificate
     A document that verifies tax exempt status. Usually filed with an RBOC.  There is a field on all
    Access Service Requests to indicate the filing status.

Tax Identification Number
     A unique identifier for business organizations that is used for reporting tax payments to the
    government (similar to the social  security number for individuals).

TCP/IP - Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
     A data communication standard for interconnection of dissimilar networks and computing systems.
     Standardized system for network signal.

TE - Terminal Equipment
    Terminal equipment represents the endpoint of ATM connection(s) and termination of the various
    protocols within the connections(s).

Technician
     A person familiar with installation and maintenance of  hardware and/or software systems.

Teleconference
    Live, two-way audio transmission between two or more locations. Usually includes speaker
    phones and microphone  amplification systems that allow audio volume balancing for people
    at different locations from the microphone. May also be supported by the use of FAX machines, etc.

Telnet
    An application that provides virtual terminal services for a wide variety of remote systems. It
    allows a user at one site to interact with applications at other sites as if the user's terminal
    is local.

Template
    A pattern (e.g. a cookie cutter) used to replicate objects, circuits, records, etc. (C++)
    A facility for creating  parameterized class (type) definitions. (SMS/800) A standard
    pattern defined by an IXC  that specifies the limits and boundaries (NPAs, LATAs, etc.)
    of 800 routing.

Theoretical Midpoint - TMP
    The theoretical halfway point that divides an international private line circuit into its respective
    US and foreign halves. A US records carrier is responsible for the US portion of service and
    a foreign records carrier assumes responsibility for service to the foreign half.

Third Party
    A product or service vendor (other than the primary vendor or customer) that supplies a
    necessary component of a system.  (e.g. software, circuit cards, etc.)

Third Party Billing
    Use of an outside service bureau for bill processing such as: call rating, customer invoicing,
    collections, etc.

Throughput
    The end result of data transmission (for a given period of time). It is a measure of the overall
    efficiency, quality and  performance of a communications link and its software protocols.

TIIAP - Telecommunications and Information Infrastructure Assistance Program
    A grant program from the National  Telecommunications and Information Administration of
    the United States Department of Commerce, established by Congress  in fiscal year 1994
    to assist non-profit organizations and units of state and local government to undertake projects
    which contribute to the building of a national information infrastructure. Submitted by Don Druker,
    U.S Dept. of Commerce -- Nov. 4,  1994.

Tick
     3 seconds in a communications switch.

Tie Line
    Two-way transmission circuits that typically directly connect a PBX in one location to a PBX
    in one location to a PBX in  another. Tie lines are normally arranged for two-way calling. Calls
    from an extension at one location can be placed to an  extension at the distant location by
    dialing a short access number. In most cases, this type of circuit is terminated with a  four-wire
    analog local loop on both ends and uses MF signaling with E & M supervision. Tie lines can be
    used to support  voice and/or data.

Time Division Multiplexing - TDM
    A method of mixing multiple signals on a single channel by transmitting in tightly controlled time
    slots. Unlike packet  switching, TDM does not allow resource balancing during periods of mixed
    high and low use of different signals.

Time of Day Routing
    Route calls based on the time the call originates. (e.g. direct morning calls to East Coast
    operators and afternoon calls to  West Coast operators, etc.). SMS/800 supports 15 minute
    time intervals.

Titan 5500
    The DACS/DCC/DCS equipment manufactured by Tellabs, and deployed by the CLEC/ICP at several hubs and switch sites.  Equipment has the capacity of 1,024 DS-3's, or 28,672 DS-1s and 688,128 DS-0s.

TL1 - Transaction Language 1
    Currently the primary language used to encode an alarm message for certain kinds of transmission equipment.

Token Ring
    An IBM LAN-based LAN protocol that uses a ring-shaped network topology. Token Ring has speeds of 4 Mbps and 16 Mbps.  A distinguishing packet is transferred from machine to machine and only the machine that is in control of the token is able to transmit.

Toll
     A rated call (Contrast CDR - unrated call detail record). Tolls appear on the Invoice Detail.

Toll Call
     A call with incremental use (minute-by-minute) charges. (Often through a Class 4 Toll Office).

Toll Fraud
    A crime in which a "hacker" obtains telecommunication services by: breaching computer
    security, using or selling stolen  long-distance credit-card codes, or, accessing a PBX
    and using its communication facilities illegally. Toll Fraud is estimated  to cost U.S.
    companies $1.2 billion/year.

TR-08
    Bellcore defined interface for the SMS portion of the DMS-100 that receives the POTS
    or analog service from the customer site.  Does not contain ISDN support feature.

Tracing Lamp
    A lamp or light-emitting diode (LED) provided as part of a standard DSX patch and cross-
    connect circuit that aids in locating the two ends of a cross-connect.  Inserting a plug into
    the monitor jack at one end of a cross-connect causes the tracing lamps at both ends to
    illuminate.

Traffic
     Activity on a network or an individual circuit.

Traffic Engineering
    The process or the organization responsible for monitoring historical network use statistics,
    anticipating growth trends, planning, designing and implementing network facilities.

Transition Panel
    Frame hardware that allows jumpers to transition from the front of a DSX lineup to the rear.
    The transition panel is needed where a newer DSX is used in the same lineup adjacent to the
    older DSX which has rear-running jumpers.

Transmission Mode
    Classification based on: (1) data flow (simplex, half duplex, full duplex), (2) Physical connection
    (parallel, serial), and (c)  timing (asynchronous, synchronous).

Transmission System
    The foundation of communication capacity between two points. It is governed by the equipment
    type generating the (optical)  signals. The capacity of a single fiber can be increased by installing
    higher-speed (higher-cost) transmission systems  (end-to-end).

Transmitter
    A driver and a source used to change electrical signals into optical signals.

Transport
    The installed cable, switches and equipment that carries a phone signal.  The transport system could include CLEC/ICP lines hooked to the LEC, which in turn hooks to an IXC, which hooks to the receiving LEC and to the callers final destination.

Travel (Card) Service
    A telecommunication credit card with an Authorization Code for using a long distance carrier when the
    customer is away from  their home or office (ANI). Travel Service calls are charged to the customer to
    whom the AuthCode was issued.

Trigger
    An application-specific process invoked by a database management system as a result of a request
    to add, change, delete,  or retrieve a data element.

Trouble Ticket
    A piece of paper or a record in a computer system used to report and manage the resolution of
    network or circuit outages.

Trunk
    A (high-capacity) connection between switches. From a customer perspective, trunk may refer
    to an external (carrier) line  connected to CPE/PBX, including local exchange lines, WATS lines
    and dedicated private lines. Customer trunks may be  outgoing only, incoming only or two-way.

Trunk Group
     A group of circuits of a common type that originate from the same location.

Trunk Member
     A single circuit in a Trunk Group.

Trunk-Side Connection
    A telephone circuit connected to a telephone company central office through a switch port that
    has been programmed to treat the circuit as a trunk circuit connecting to another central
    office.  These offer all of the network transmission and signaling features appropriate for a
    circuit interconnecting two central office switches.

Turnup
     Completing the installation of a circuit and making it available to the customer that requested it.

Twisted Pair
    A circuit comprised of two copper wires that are twisted to cancel their own radio frequency
    interference, and thus reduce noise that might otherwise be induced into adjacent circuits.

Two Out Of Three Rule
    When determining state tax jurisdiction, there are three locations to consider: originating station, destination station, and the location that the bill is sent to. If two out of three are the same, then that state receives the tax.

Two-Way Conversation
    A telephone conversation between or among two (or more) parties, where each party has the ability to both transmit and  receive communication from the other party (or parties).

Type 1 Service
    Customers who are hooked directly to the CLEC/ICP network, from their premises to the CLEC/ICP's central office (hub); or, otherwise known as On-Net.

Type 2 Service
    Customers who are hooked to the CLEC/ICP network through the LEC, or who are only billing customers of the CLEC/ICP and may never be hooded in the CLEC/ICP network. This is known as Off-Net.

Type 3 Service
    Customers who are co-located at the CLEC/ICP's end offices.

Type 4 Service
    Customers who handle the connections between their offices and the LEC, (the CLEC/ICP usually performs this task), and are hooked to the CLEC/ICP network from the LEC co-location.  An IXC could also be this type of customer for the CLEC/ICP.